O seu carrinho está vazio
Continuar a comprarTem uma conta?
Inicie sessão para finalizar a compra mais rápido.
You might like
Large-scale venues are typically equipped with grand spectator stands, professional competition areas, and supporting facilities, enabling them to host major sports events and performances. The design of the sound reinforcement system for such venues directly determines the acoustic quality and audience listening experience. An excellent design ensures clear and uniform sound coverage across the entire venue, delivering optimal audio effects for events. The system is designed in accordance with the technical specifications for sound reinforcement in large-scale venues, guaranteeing compliance with relevant technical standards and practical operational requirements.
1.System Overview
This solution is specially developed for the configuration requirements of the immersive panoramic sound audio system in a 360° theater. The system has clear construction objectives and is committed to fully meeting the diverse functional demands of the theater.
During system construction, all current relevant national and industrial standards will be strictly observed. Adhering to the overall concept of “Leading in China, Advanced Internationally”, the system will fully comply with the principles of high reliability, high security, advancement, practicality, sustainable development, ease of management and maintenance, openness, and acoustic comfort.
Based on the architectural drawings, combined closely with the specific requirements proposed by the client, and in accordance with relevant national standards, we have conducted rigorous simulation experiments and precise calculations on acoustic performance indicators, and thus elaborately conceived and designed this solution.
On the premise that architectural acoustic conditions are fully satisfied, the professional sound reinforcement system established by this solution will fully meet and even exceed all established standards, providing an exceptional audio experience.
2.Design Basis and Relevant Criteria for the Sound Reinforcement System
(1) Design Indicators of the Sound Reinforcement System
The acoustic performance indicators of the sound reinforcement system shall meet or exceed the Grade 1 standard for cultural performances specified in GB/T 28049-2011 Code for Design of Sound Systems in Auditoriums and Stadiums:
● Maximum Sound Pressure Level (Peak):
Rated passband: ≥ 106 dB
● Transmission Frequency Characteristic:
Taking the average sound pressure level of 80–8000 Hz as 0 dB, a variation of ±4 dB is allowed within this band; the allowable ranges for 40–80 Hz and 8000–16000 Hz are shown in the shaded area in Figure 1.
● Sound Transmission Gain (dB):
100 Hz–8000 Hz: ≥ -8 dB
● Steady-State Sound Field Non-Uniformity:
≤ 10 dB at 100 Hz;
≤ 6 dB at 1000 Hz;
≤ 8 dB at 8000 Hz.
● Speech Transmission Index (STIPA): > 0.5
● Total System Noise Level: NR20 / NR30
(2) Design Standards and Specifications
1) International Standards
● THX Theater Certification System (sound field uniformity, dynamic range)
● Support for Dolby Atmos spatial audio format
● AES 65-2019 Specification for Loudspeaker Array System Design
● ISO 3382-3 Acoustics — Parameters for measurement of speech intelligibility (STI)
2) National Codes
● JGJ 57-2016 Code for Design of Theater Buildings (acoustics chapter)
● GB/T 28049-2011 Code for Design of Sound Systems in Auditoriums and Stadiums
● GB/T 4959-2011 Method for Measurement of Sound Reinforcement Characteristics in Auditoriums
● GB/T 50076-2013 Code for Measurement of Indoor Reverberation Time
● GB/T 14197-2012 Preferred Matching Values for Interconnection of Audio, Video and Audio-visual Systems
Since the system covers multiple channels, switching between different modes would otherwise require the operator to adjust channel settings frequently.To streamline operation and minimize errors, the system integrates a multi-channel mixing console with a cinema decoder, connected via an audio matrix system.By pre-configuring parameters for various operating modes, audio signals are automatically routed to the corresponding channels based on actual needs, enabling operators to achieve fast, convenient and accurate mode switching.
3. Design Description of Immersive Audio System
(1) Design Concept
1)Loudspeaker layout based on theater spatial layout
The rectangular space and rotatable auditorium of the theater require flexible and targeted loudspeaker arrangement.24 coaxial full-range loudspeakers installed on the circular truss can be flexibly switched between main loudspeakers and surround loudspeakers according to different performance areas, so as to achieve optimal sound coverage and immersive effect.
2)Consideration of sound layering and three-dimensionality
By deploying various types of loudspeakers — including main loudspeakers (doubling as immersive surround loudspeakers), overhead effect loudspeakers, monitor loudspeakers, image-alignment loudspeakers, and subwoofers — a rich layered and three-dimensional sound field is created.Overhead effect loudspeakers simulate overhead sound effects; monitor loudspeakers provide clear stage monitoring for performers; image-alignment loudspeakers enhance sound directivity; subwoofers strengthen low-frequency impact.
3)Integration with the rotating auditorium function
The rotating auditorium requires the audio system to follow in real time to ensure continuous and stable sound during rotation.Therefore, rotating monitor loudspeakers and image-alignment loudspeakers rotate with the auditorium. Meanwhile, the rotation of the front light bridge requires careful audio cable routing to avoid entanglement.
4)Advanced performance and long-term advancement
In addition to meeting the fixed performance requirements of the theater, the system features advanced technology and high practicality in line with the characteristics of contemporary China. It is designed to maintain a leading position among professional immersive sound reinforcement systems of similar cultural tourism theaters in China for at least five years.
5)High-quality equipment selection
Mixing consoles, power amplifiers, loudspeakers and other equipment adopt well‑known brands that comply with domestic and international standards.Equipment with convenient installation, operation and maintenance is preferred. All equipment uses universal connectors for excellent scalability and compatibility, facilitating third‑party equipment access and ensuring system stability.
The system embodies the following characteristics:
● Consistency: Adheres to the people‑oriented, demand‑based design principle. Mainstream, advanced, practical and mature technologies and products are adopted. Equipment is selected based on consistent technical indicators and interchangeability, providing high flexibility, compatibility, scalability and portability.
● Equipment selection principle: Meets system advancement. Key equipment adopts reliable domestic brands verified through 1–3 years of practical application.
● Safety, reliability and ease of operation & maintenance: Products and systems combine reliability, practicality, security, ease of use and advanced performance, capable of long‑term stable operation in compliance with immersive theater standards.
● Economy and practicality: Pursues optimal investment efficiency, ensuring the system remains advanced for many years with the best cost-performance ratio.
(2) Demand Analysis
Based on our understanding of client requirements, the system is planned and designed in line with the trend of cultural tourism theaters, providing excellent immersive sound effects for live performances and high speech intelligibility.
With a high-end positioning, the system is equipped with medium-to-high-grade equipment, featuring advanced performance, high reliability and flexible operation.It aims to become a first‑class multi‑function theater in China, a high-quality landmark project for cultural development, and a public‑benefit project benefiting the people.
The sound reinforcement system is positioned to meet:
● Fixed program requirements of cultural tourism performances;
● Diverse comprehensive performance needs.
3. Design Features
1) Advancement
In line with the overall construction standard of the theater, the system achieves advanced levels among similar domestic cultural facilities in viewing comfort and audio‑visual performance.For the sound system, advancement is reflected in digital and networked audio signal transmission, distribution and centralized control, high‑quality loudspeakers with precise control, and remote monitoring technology for power amplifiers.
● Advanced audio network transmission system
Digital audio transmission features full digital processing, high signal-to-noise ratio and excellent transmission quality.
Analog transmission adopts mature, reliable and high-performance technology.
● Advanced loudspeaker and power amplification system
● Advanced mixing control system
World-renowned professional digital mixing consoles are adopted, featuring advanced technology, excellent performance and high stability.
● Advanced sound reproduction system
The sound reinforcement system provides precise sound field control, uniform coverage and high‑fidelity sound quality.
Reliability
Considering the real‑time nature of live performances, the main equipment and signal paths are designed for high security.Reliable, reasonably configured and high‑performance professional equipment is used for loudspeakers, power amplifiers, control devices, signal transmission and peripheral equipment.Optical fiber and analog simultaneous transmission ensure system safety and stability.
Universality and adaptability
In addition to meeting technical requirements, equipment complies with the following principles:
1) Internal universality
Improve equipment interchangeability to enhance utilization and reduce management difficulty.
2) Adaptability to international performance standardsThe system meets professional and universal requirements of domestic and international performing arts, adapting to various performance scenarios.
3) Future-oriented operation
Reserved professional analog and digital interfaces;
Adopts mainstream equipment familiar to sound engineers;
Sufficient expansion space for future functional upgrades.
Safety and standardization
All audio equipment, connectors and power supply devices comply with safety and standardization requirements and relevant certifications.
System Functions
The sound reinforcement system transcends traditional engineering design to integrate engineering and art, fully serving performing arts.
● High speech intelligibility, sufficient sound pressure level and uniform sound distribution, meeting and exceeding relevant standards;
● Excellent sound image consistency, high sound transmission gain, no noise interference or sound quality defects;
● Meets human auditory subjective requirements;
● High reliability, easy maintenance, safety and scalability;
● Adequate headroom and high signal-to-noise ratio;
● Extremely high speech articulation;
● Sound quality meets theater performance requirements;
● Simple and fast real time control and preset recall;
● Real‑time monitoring of loudspeaker system;
● Pickup and storage of on‑site program signals;
● Sound processing for vocals and musical instruments;
● Storable and recallable setting modes;
● Redundant signal transmission routes for high reliability.
System Stability
The sound reinforcement system is a closed‑loop system with potential acoustic feedback.Sufficient stability is critical to ensure sound quality.Sound transmission gain is guaranteed through optimized loudspeaker selection and layout, high directivity, proper microphone arrangement, and architectural acoustic treatment.
Acoustic Defects and System Noise
The total system noise level is controlled by adopting digital processing equipment and strict SNR management.Strict process control is applied to cabling, connector soldering and system grounding.
Safety Assurance
All equipment and electrical control devices comply with international safety standards and feature automatic fault protection.Fire‑resistant, flame‑retardant or low‑smoke cables are used to reduce hazards.Standard fasteners are used for all mechanical connections, with structural design avoiding eccentric loads.
Technical Environmental Protection
The sound system is optimized for energy saving.Since power amplifiers and loudspeakers account for over 85% of total power consumption, energy‑efficient amplifiers and loudspeakers are selected to achieve environmental protection and improve system safety.
2) Immersive Experience
Through omnidirectional sound coverage and precise sound localization, the system creates a fully immersive atmosphere.Audience perceive sound from all directions — stage, surroundings and overhead — enhancing participation and emotional resonance.
3) Flexibility and Adaptability
The audio system features high flexibility and can be quickly adjusted for different performances.Via DSP and audio matrix control, sound effects, coverage patterns, volume and tonal balance can be easily modified to adapt to concerts, dramas, dances, multimedia shows and other art forms.
4) Intelligent Control
An advanced intelligent control system enables remote monitoring and management.Staff can adjust and monitor parameters in real time via touch screen or computer terminal, including loudspeaker status, signal level and frequency response, ensuring stable operation during performances.
4. Immersive Audio System Solution Introduction
(1)Theater Overview
The theater features a rectangular interior space with a length of 82.5 meters and a width of 62 meters. The central area, with a diameter of 40 meters, serves as the auditorium zone.
The theater stage adopts a trapezoidal structure and is divided equally into approximately 4 stage zones.The auditorium rotates around the theater center and can be positioned to the designated performance area according to production requirements.
(2) Description of Main Loudspeakers Serving as Immersive Surround Loudspeakers
The main sound reinforcement loudspeaker system is carefully designed, with a total of 24 coaxial full range loudspeakers deployed. These loudspeakers are suspended under the circular truss, arranged in groups of five, with each group responsible for the main sound coverage of one performance zone.
In the development of the immersive system, extensive comparative testing and verification have shown that coaxial loudspeakers deliver superior performance compared to line array loudspeakers. A key characteristic of coaxial loudspeakers is that their vertical and horizontal coverage angles are typically consistent, producing a conical coverage pattern. This feature ensures extremely uniform sound field distribution. In a multi channel environment, the superposition and transition of acoustic energy between channels are smoother and more natural. Meanwhile, it greatly facilitates adaptation to immersive software algorithms, enabling more precise tuning of audio effects.
These 24 coaxial full range loudspeakers are fixedly installed under the circular truss, maintaining fixed positions without moving along with the rotating auditorium, ensuring stable and consistent sound reinforcement.
Furthermore, to achieve complete sound coverage throughout the venue, 5 auxiliary main loudspeakers are specially designed to provide precise fill in for the rear audience area. For specific positions, please refer to the labels B1–B5 in the diagram below.
Plan Layout Of Main Amplification Speakers And Immersive Surround Sound Speakers
The selection of coaxial loudspeakers is fully justified and necessary, driven by the specific requirements of immersive audio algorithms.Multi channel systems differ significantly from traditional sound reinforcement modes. In a multi channel architecture, each loudspeaker corresponds to an independent channel with fully discrete audio content.The immersive algorithm can precisely distinguish each loudspeaker, effectively avoiding acoustic interference that may occur in overlapping coverage areas of multiple loudspeakers at wide angles.Meanwhile, primary and secondary reflections caused by wide angle coverage are also considered and processed by the algorithm through accurate modeling and calculation.This is fundamentally different from the principle in traditional left right channel systems, where main and image alignment coverage areas are designed to minimize overlap.Therefore, in this system, it is more reasonable to adopt a relatively large vertical coverage angle.
Measurements show that the distance from the main loudspeaker array to the rear of the front auditorium is 27 meters (see attached drawing).According to the loudspeaker sound pressure level formula: Lp = Lp0 + 20lg (r/r0), where:
● Lp = actual sound pressure level
● Lp0 = sound pressure level at 1 meter on the reference axis
● r = distance from measurement point to sound source
● r0 = reference distance (1 meter)
In accordance with Grade 1 acoustic performance requirements for cultural performance sound systems specified in GB/T 28049 2011 Code for Design of Sound Systems in Auditoriums and Stadiums, Lp0 is set to 106 dB at 1 meter.
Substituting r=27 m:
Lp=106+20lg27≈134.6 dB
The distance from the fill in loudspeaker array to the rear of the back auditorium is approximately 13 meters.
Using the same formula with Lp0=106 dB and r=13 m:
Lp=106+20lg13≈128 dB
The main loudspeakers are equipped with a coverage angle of 90° × 90°.
Accordingly, this project requires:
● Main loudspeakers: maximum SPL ≥ 135 dB
● Rear fill in loudspeakers: maximum SPL ≥ 128 dB
Since the above values are theoretical, attenuation during sound propagation must be considered in practice.To ensure excellent audio visual experience for the audience, an additional minimum 3 dB headroom is added to the theoretical values during loudspeaker selection to compensate for potential sound pressure loss.
Specifications of Main & Immersive Surround Loudspeakers
● Frequency response: 35 Hz–18 kHz (±3 dB) / 33 Hz–20 kHz (-10 dB)
● Nominal impedance: 8 Ω
● Power: 900 W continuous, 3600 W peak
● Low frequency driver: 1 × 15"
● Mid frequency driver: 1 × 8"
● High frequency driver: 1 × 3"
● Horizontal coverage angle: 90°
● Vertical coverage angle: 90°
● Maximum SPL: 132 dB continuous, 138 dB peak
Specifications of Rear Fill in Loudspeakers
● Frequency response: 45 Hz–18 kHz (±3 dB) / 40 Hz–20 kHz (-10 dB)
● Nominal impedance: 8 Ω
● Power: 500 W continuous, 2000 W peak
● Low frequency driver: 1 × 12"
● High frequency driver: 1 × 2"
● Horizontal coverage angle: ≥ 90°
● Vertical coverage angle: ≥ 90°
● Maximum SPL: 126 dB continuous, 132 dB peak
Panoramic Effect Loudspeakers Layout Plan (Catwalk Area)
As the distance between the effect loudspeakers and the audience changes with the rotation of the auditorium, our immersive software automatically locates the distance (XYZ coordinates) between each loudspeaker and the audience according to the rotation angle, and calibrates the sound pressure level accordingly.
When rotating to the first performance area, there is no audience directly above, so the effect sound will start from the second loudspeaker on the left.
3. Subwoofer System Description
The subwoofer system consists of two groups, each carefully assembled with dual 18-inch subwoofers.
The system features an ingenious layout: the subwoofers are discreetly installed underneath the auditorium floor, with a mounting structure designed to rotate synchronously with the auditorium.
Acoustically, the intense vibration generated by ultra-low-frequency signals is transmitted from the subwoofers to the auditorium floor, creating synchronous resonance.This unique physical vibration acts directly on the audience’s somatic sensory system, delivering an immersive dynamic experience beyond conventional hearing. It greatly enhances the sense of presence and impact of the performance, significantly elevating the theater’s overall audio presentation.
(For layout positions, see the diagram below.)
4. Description of Image-Aligning Loudspeakers
The image-aligning loudspeaker system comprises 5 loudspeakers, arranged precisely in front of the first-row audience area. These 5 image-aligning loudspeakers form an accurate spatial and audio signal correspondence with the 5 main loudspeakers.
Acoustically, the core function of image-aligning loudspeakers is to finely adjust sound propagation paths and sound image localization. Working in coordination with the main loudspeakers, they ensure that the perceived sound image position matches the visual source, achieving consistent and coherent sound.In the theater’s dynamic operating scenario, the image-aligning loudspeakers feature a specialized mechanical structure and rotate synchronously with the auditorium (see positions labeled LS1–LS5 in the diagram below).
This design ensures stable and precise sound image localization for the audience at any rotation angle, greatly enhancing audio immersion, realism, and overall audiovisual performance.
5. Description of Monitor Loudspeaker System
The monitor loudspeaker system consists of 8 fixed monitor loudspeakers and 4 portable monitor loudspeakers.The 8 fixed monitors are installed on the walls on both sides of the emergency refuge corridors in the 4 performance areas, with one loudspeaker on each side. This layout provides stable, directional audio monitoring for each performance zone, ensuring performers and artists on stage can clearly hear their own voice and accompaniment.The 4 portable monitors are flexibly placed in front of the first-row audience area to supplement sound coverage and monitoring for specific scenes.
Acoustically, the 12 monitor loudspeakers deliver high-quality audio feedback to performers. Through accurate sound reproduction and directional radiation, they allow real-time, clear perception of performance audio, enabling precise adjustment of delivery.This instant feedback enhances performers’ confidence, ensures synchronization of singing, performance rhythm and overall programming, and significantly improves artistic quality and integrity.
6. Description of Immersive System
Project Application Background: The venue is a circular theater with four stages (front, rear, left, right). The entire auditorium rotates 360° and can turn seamlessly during the show, allowing the audience to fully immerse themselves in each stage performance both visually and aurally.
(1)Early Surround Sound System
